{"id":77577,"date":"2026-07-13T11:34:05","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T10:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emecpumps.com\/quel-dioxyde-de-chlore-est-reellement-le-plus-ecologique-une-etude-danalyse-du-cycle-de-vie-acv-compare-dix-procedes-industriels\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T11:34:05","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T10:34:05","slug":"quel-dioxyde-de-chlore-est-reellement-le-plus-ecologique-une-etude-danalyse-du-cycle-de-vie-acv-compare-dix-procedes-industriels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emecpumps.com\/fr\/quel-dioxyde-de-chlore-est-reellement-le-plus-ecologique-une-etude-danalyse-du-cycle-de-vie-acv-compare-dix-procedes-industriels\/","title":{"rendered":"Quel dioxyde de chlore est r\u00e9ellement le plus \u00e9cologique ? Une \u00e9tude d’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) compare dix proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels"},"content":{"rendered":"Le dioxyde de chlore (ClO\u2082) est l’un des d\u00e9sinfectants les plus utilis\u00e9s dans le traitement de l’eau potable : il agit sur un large \u00e9ventail de micro-organismes, conserve son efficacit\u00e9 m\u00eame \u00e0 des pH \u00e9lev\u00e9s, p\u00e9n\u00e8tre mieux dans les biofilms que le chlore traditionnel et \u00e9vite la formation de sous-produits halog\u00e9n\u00e9s (tels que les trihalom\u00e9thanes et les acides haloac\u00e9tiques) potentiellement canc\u00e9rig\u00e8nes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la chloration classique. Mais il existe une question \u00e0 laquelle la litt\u00e9rature scientifique n\u2019avait jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent pas apport\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse syst\u00e9matique : toutes les m\u00e9thodes de production du ClO\u2082 ont-elles le m\u00eame impact environnemental ? Ou bien le choix d\u2019une voie de synth\u00e8se plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une autre fait-il r\u00e9ellement la diff\u00e9rence ?
\nPour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question, nous avons men\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re analyse comparative du cycle de vie (ACV) de dix proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels de production de ClO\u2082, conform\u00e9ment aux normes internationales ISO 14040 et 14044 et \u00e0 l’aide de la base de donn\u00e9es ecoinvent v3.8. L’unit\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est 1 kg de ClO\u2082 produit, et nous avons \u00e9valu\u00e9 six cat\u00e9gories d’impact : le changement climatique, l’\u00e9cotoxicit\u00e9 en eau douce, la toxicit\u00e9 pour l’homme, la consommation d’eau, l’acidification et l’eutrophisation.
\nLes r\u00e9sultats montrent que le choix du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 a son importance, et m\u00eame une grande importance. L’empreinte carbone varie de 35 % entre la meilleure et la pire m\u00e9thode (de 3,86 \u00e0 5,20 kg d’\u00e9quivalent CO\u2082 par kg de ClO\u2082), tandis que la toxicit\u00e9 pour l’homme peut varier jusqu’\u00e0 6,6 fois. Les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 base d\u2019acide chlorhydrique s\u2019av\u00e8rent les plus impactants d\u2019un point de vue toxicologique, tandis que la voie \u00e9lectrochimique et celle bas\u00e9e sur le chlore et le chlorite de sodium (Cl\u2082 + NaClO\u2082) sont les plus favorables en termes d\u2019\u00e9missions climatiques.
\nL’analyse des contributions fait ressortir un \u00e9l\u00e9ment int\u00e9ressant : dans la plupart des cas, ce n\u2019est pas la synth\u00e8se proprement dite du ClO\u2082 qui p\u00e8se le plus sur l\u2019environnement, mais la production en amont des r\u00e9actifs pr\u00e9curseurs (chlorate et chlorite de sodium), qui \u00e0 elle seule repr\u00e9sente 85 \u00e0 97 % de l\u2019empreinte climatique globale. Cela signifie que le levier environnemental le plus efficace ne r\u00e9side pas tant dans l\u2019optimisation du r\u00e9acteur que dans la d\u00e9carbonisation des fili\u00e8res chimiques en amont.
\nIl existe par ailleurs un r\u00e9sultat particuli\u00e8rement significatif du point de vue des applications : la voie \u00e9lectrochimique, bien qu’elle soit la plus \u00ab propre \u00bb sur le papier, d\u00e9pend fortement du mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique. Nous avons identifi\u00e9 un seuil critique d\u2019environ 0,35 kg de CO\u2082 par kWh : en dessous de cette valeur, caract\u00e9ristique de pays comme la Norv\u00e8ge, la France ou la Suisse, la voie \u00e9lectrochimique constitue le meilleur choix ; au-del\u00e0 (par exemple dans les r\u00e9seaux domin\u00e9s par le charbon), ses avantages climatiques s\u2019estompent. La m\u00e9thode \u00e9lectrochimique consomme par ailleurs davantage d\u2019eau que les autres solutions, un aspect \u00e0 ne pas n\u00e9gliger dans les contextes de p\u00e9nurie d\u2019eau.
\nEn r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : il n\u2019existe pas de m\u00e9thode \u00ab gagnante \u00e0 tous les coups \u00bb. Le meilleur choix d\u00e9pend du contexte, du mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique local, de la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau, des contraintes r\u00e9glementaires relatives aux sous-produits inorganiques (chlorite et chlorate) et du type d\u2019agents pathog\u00e8nes \u00e0 traiter. Pour les micro-organismes r\u00e9sistants au chlore tels que Giardia<\/em> et Cryptosporidium<\/em>, par exemple, le ClO\u2082 reste un excellent choix sur le plan fonctionnel, m\u00eame si son impact sur la production est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus important.
\nCet ouvrage offre aux gestionnaires des services de l’eau et aux autorit\u00e9s de r\u00e9gulation un outil quantitatif concret leur permettant d’orienter leurs choix technologiques selon des crit\u00e8res de durabilit\u00e9, et confirme \u00e0 quel point il est essentiel, pour une entreprise comme la n\u00f4tre, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9veloppement d’instruments et de syst\u00e8mes de dosage, de prendre en compte le cycle de vie global des technologies que nous proposons sur le march\u00e9.
\nSi vous souhaitez approfondir le sujet, vous pourrez bient\u00f4t lire l’article complet publi\u00e9 dans le Journal of Ecological Engineering, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Andrea Macchia, Angelino Ermini, Irene Angela Colasanti, Mauro Francesco La Russa et Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo \u2014 fruit d’une collaboration entre EMEC S.r.l., YOCOCU APS, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Calabre et l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Rome Tor Vergata, intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Environmental performance of industrial chlorine dioxide production methods: A life cycle assessment \u00bb. Pour plus d\u2019informations : https:\/\/www.jeeng.net\/Environmental-performance-of-industrial-chlorine-dioxide-production-methods-A-life,220575,0,2.html<\/a>
\nAndrea Macchia, projet sp\u00e9cial R&D
","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Le dioxyde de chlore (ClO\u2082) est l’un des d\u00e9sinfectants les plus utilis\u00e9s dans le traitement de l’eau potable : il agit sur un large \u00e9ventail de micro-organismes, conserve son efficacit\u00e9 m\u00eame \u00e0 des pH \u00e9lev\u00e9s, p\u00e9n\u00e8tre mieux dans les biofilms…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lazy_load_responsive_images_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[199,102,221],"tags":[284,202],"class_list":["post-77577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emec-flow","category-news-en-fr","category-notizie-e-media","tag-dioxyde-de-chlore","tag-emec-flow-1_2026"],"yoast_head":"\nQuel dioxyde de chlore est r\u00e9ellement le plus \u00e9cologique ? Une \u00e9tude d'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) compare dix proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels - Emec - Pompes doseuses et syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9sinfection<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emecpumps.com\/fr\/quel-dioxyde-de-chlore-est-reellement-le-plus-ecologique-une-etude-danalyse-du-cycle-de-vie-acv-compare-dix-procedes-industriels\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quel dioxyde de chlore est r\u00e9ellement le plus \u00e9cologique ? 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